1. A 38-year old woman in her fourth pregnancy has just had a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a male infant weighing 4.2 kg. Her antenatal period was complicated by gestational diabetes managed by diet alone. Her intra-partum period was characterised by a prolonged second stage of labour. The third stage was managed conservatively. Two hours after delivery, she is noted to have a significant increase in vaginal blood loss.

Which one of the following diagnostic options represents the most likely cause for her post-partum haemorrhage?

2. Regarding cesarean section :

3. For the following scenario select the most appropriate management from the list:

A 32-year-old nulliparous pregnant woman at 34 weeks is in labour and the cervix is fully dilated. The head is at station +2, direct occipito-anterior (DOA) position and CTG is non reassuring.

4. For the following scenario select the most appropriate management from the list:

A 28-year-old nulliparous woman in labour at 39 weeks has been in the second stage of labour for 75 minutes. The fetal head is at station +2 in direct occipito-anterior (DOA) position. The CTG is normal.

5. The following are possible causes of primary amenorrhea in a 19 years old female with developed secondary sexual characteristics.

6. For the following scenario, select the most likely diagnosis from the list:

A 32-year-old woman presents at the emergency Department complaining of sharp pain in the left lower abdomen after intercourse. She also has nausea and vaginal spotting. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. Clinical examination shows tenderness in lower abdomen. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and the pulse rate 120 bpm. A urinary pregnancy test is positive.

7. For the following scenario select the most appropriate treatment from the list:

A 28-year-old, para 2, woman with normal menstrual cycles attends the gynaecological outpatient clinic, because of vaginal bleeding 15 days after her last menstrual period. Her past medical history is unremarkable. Clinical examination shows no abnormality, although a transvaginal ultrasound scan shows a left-sided ovarian cyst of 7 cm in diameter with characteristics typical of a dermoid.

8. For the following scenario select the most likely diagnosis from the list:

A 28-year-old pregnant woman attends the antenatal clinic at the 24th week for review. Her blood glucose level at 120 minutes during oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g is 8.8 mmol/l (158.4 mg/dl). Her past medical history is unremarkable

9. A couple in their late 20s present to the infertility clinic with a two-year history of primary infertility. The woman, aged 25 years with a BMI of 23 kg/m2, is found to have normal genitalia with regular ovulatory cycles. The partner, aged 28 years with a BMI of 36 kg/m 2 , is noted to have gynecomastia and small testis. A semen analysis confirms azoospermia. Hormone investigations showed a low testosterone level, high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and raised gonadotrophins.

Which one of the following diagnostic options represents the most likely cause for the male infertility?

10. Regarding anatomy in the context of laparoscopy: